Why Your 457 Plan Might Be a Contingent Asset in a Florida Divorce, and What that Means for You

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For physicians, executives, and professionals working in government or the non-profit sector, a 457 deferred compensation plan often plays a key role in long-term financial security. These plans carry unique protections—and can contain unique risks—that require special attention during divorce.

In Florida, a 457 plan is considered a marital asset to the extent contributions occurred during the marriage, plus or minus passive gains or losses. But not all 457 plans are created equal. Whether your plan is governmental or non-governmental, 457(b) or 457(f), affects how it’s classified for division and what options are available to you.

Doctors and Non-Profit Executives Should Known: What Makes a 457 Plan Different?

A 457 plan is a type of deferred compensation plan that allows you to save for retirement. Unlike a 401(k) or IRA, ownership of the funds works differently depending on the type of employer and plan:

  • Governmental 457(b) Plans: Offered by state and local governments, these plans are held in trust or custodial accounts for the exclusive benefit of employees. This means they are protected from the employer’s creditors and are generally considered vested assets for purposes of divorce.
  • Non-Governmental 457(b) Plans: Offered by large non-profits—such as hospital systems or private universities—these plans are not held in trust. Instead, the assets remain part of the employer’s general funds until distribution, making them vulnerable to the employer’s creditors. These are considered contingent assets because your right to receive the funds depends on the employer’s financial health.
  • 457(f) Plans: These are often offered to highly compensated executives as “top-hat” plans. Unlike 457(b) plans, employees must meet specific conditions (like staying with the employer for a certain period) for the money to vest and for the employee to become eligible to receive the funds. If you don’t satisfy those conditions, you forfeit the balance. This makes 457(f) plans even more contingent and subject to greater discounts in divorce valuation.

To understand the key differences between these plans outside of the divorce context, learn more about 457 plans from Dr. Jim Dahle at the White Coat Investor here.

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Divorcing in a Down Market – Pros and Cons

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Should You Divorce During a Down Market? Understanding the Pros and Cons
How market volatility, long-term investing, and the Collaborative Divorce process intersect

When the markets drop, your investments, retirement accounts, and even business valuations may look very different than they did just a few months ago. If you’re considering divorce in a time like this—especially after recent economic turbulence and tariffs—it’s natural to feel uncertain. But believe it or not, there may be strategic advantages to divorcing during a down market, particularly if you approach the process thoughtfully.

✅ Pro: A Unique Opportunity for Buy-and-Hold Investors

If you’re a long-term investor who believes the market will eventually recover (as history suggests it usually does), a down market may present a silver lining. Here’s why:

Let’s say part of your marital estate includes mutual funds, ETFs, or stocks that have dipped in value. If you receive those investments as part of your divorce agreement, you’re essentially getting more shares at a lower “price tag.” Over time, if the market rebounds, those shares may significantly increase in value—benefiting you in the long run.

In other words, if you’re a buy-and-hold investor, receiving a larger portion of your share of marital assets in investments during a downturn could position you well for future growth. You’re not just accepting lower-value assets—you’re planting seeds for potential recovery and wealth.

⚠️ Con: Lower Valuations Can Lead to Complications

Of course, not everything is rosy in a down market. If your marital assets include real estate, business interests, or retirement accounts, their reduced value may cause concern. One spouse might feel they’re losing out if an asset is divided when its value is temporarily depressed.

Also, dividing investments or retirement accounts during a low point can create tension, especially if one party is more risk-averse. This is where fear and conflict can escalate—unless you have a process in place to manage it.

🤝 How Collaborative Divorce Can Help

In a traditional court-based divorce, you may find yourself locked in a tug-of-war over who “wins” and who “loses” financially. But in a Collaborative Divorce, you and your spouse commit to resolving issues together, outside of court, with the support of a professional team.  Each of you have your own separate lawyers prohibited from taking your case to court and to give you independent legal advice, and there are usually also neutral specialists to help in finances and family dynamics.

Here’s how it helps in a down market:

  • Customized Financial Scenarios: A neutral financial professional can work with both spouses to explain investment values, simulate recovery scenarios, and suggest creative ways to divide assets based on both of your interests and risk tolerances—even in uncertain times.
  • Avoiding a Fire Sale: Collaborative teams counsel you to maintain the status quo until there is an agreement to do otherwise, which can help you avoid the rush to liquidate investments, allowing you to stay true to your long-term financial strategy.
  • Preserving Relationships: Especially important if you’re co-parenting, Collaborative Divorce helps you reduce stress and focus on your future, not just your fears.

👤 Led by a Trusted Collaborative Professional

Adam B. Cordover is a leader in Collaborative Divorce, having trained lawyers, financial professionals, and mental health experts throughout the U.S., Canada, Israel, and France. He also co-authored Building a Successful Collaborative Family Law Practice, a book published by the American Bar Association. With deep experience in complex financial matters, Adam can help guide you through divorce in a way that protects your goals and honors your long-term financial values.

💬 We Can Help

If you’re facing divorce during a volatile market, you’re not alone—and you have options. We can help you make informed, thoughtful decisions that protect your future. Contact Family Diplomacy: A Collaborative Law Firm by clicking the button below.

Comment Comment Speak with a Collaborative Lawyer

Family Diplomacy: A Collaborative Law Firm has a virtual practice and represents clients in South Florida, Central Florida, and North Florida.  We also have offices in Tampa, St. Petersburg, and Sarasota.

Are Real Estate Syndications Considered Marital Property in a Florida Divorce?

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Real estate syndications have become a popular investment strategy for high-net-worth individuals and savvy investors seeking passive income and portfolio diversification. However, if you are facing a divorce in Florida, you may be wondering: Is my investment in a real estate syndication considered marital property? And if so, how is it valued and divided?

The answer depends on several factors, including when the investment was made, how it was funded, and whether any legal agreements protect it. In this post, we’ll explore how Florida law treats real estate syndications in divorce and what you need to know about valuation and division.

Are Real Estate Syndications Marital Property in Florida?

In Florida, marital property includes assets acquired by either spouse during the marriage, regardless of whose name is on the title or investment documents. Conversely, nonmarital (or separate) property includes assets acquired before the marriage, through inheritance, or via a gift from a third party.

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How Tax Loss Harvesting Can Turn Non-Marital Investments Into Marital Assets

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If you’re an investor going through a divorce, you likely have a keen eye on your finances. You may already be familiar with tax loss harvesting, a strategy that can help reduce your tax bill by selling investments at a loss to offset capital gains. While this technique can be a smart financial move, it can also have unintended consequences in divorce—potentially turning what you thought was your separate, non-marital property into a shared marital asset.

What Is Tax Loss Harvesting?*

Tax loss harvesting is a strategy that can be used to lower your tax liability. For example, if you have investments in a taxable brokerage account that have lost value, you can sell them at a loss to offset capital gains from other investments. This reduces your overall taxable income and can lead to significant tax savings.

There are many rules associated with tax loss harvesting.  For example, you cannot sell a mutual fund at a loss and then immediately repurchase that same mutual fund.  However, one strategy that many investors utilize is to sell one investment at a loss and then purchase a similar, but different, investment.  For example, you might sell VTSAX, the Vanguard U.S. total stock market index fund, at a loss and purchase VFIAX, the Vanguard S&P 500 index fund, which is highly correlated with VTSAX.  The White Coat Investor website has a really good explainer on tax loss harvesting.

Many investors use this approach as part of a long-term financial strategy, reinvesting the proceeds into different securities to maintain their investment portfolio. However, if you are going through a divorce, you must be careful about how and when you execute tax loss harvesting.

*Please note that we are not accountants, financial advisors, or tax lawyers, this information is not intended to provide advice, and this is for educational purposes only.

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Simplifying Divorce for High Net Worth Individuals: Working With Your CPA or Financial Advisor

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The Challenge of Divorce for High Net Worth Individuals

Navigating a divorce is never easy, and for high net worth individuals, the process can feel even more overwhelming. Between managing the complexities of Florida Family Law Rule of Procedure 12.285—commonly known as mandatory disclosure—and safeguarding your financial future, it’s natural to want to simplify the experience and delegate much of the work. That’s where a skilled family law attorney can be invaluable. By working closely with your CPA or financial advisor, we can streamline the disclosure process and minimize the demands on your time and energy.

Understanding Mandatory Disclosure

Mandatory disclosure requires each party in a divorce to provide detailed financial documentation. For high net worth individuals, this often includes extensive information about investments, business interests, real estate holdings, and more. The sheer volume of documentation can be daunting, but it doesn’t have to be. If you already have a trusted CPA or financial advisor, they are likely familiar with much of your financial landscape. Our team can work directly with them to gather and organize the required information, so you don’t have to get bogged down in the details.

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5 Tips for Dividing Mutual Funds and ETFs In a Florida Divorce

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Dividing mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) during a divorce can be tricky, but it doesn’t have to be stressful. If you’re divorcing in Florida, these five tips will help you navigate the process, protect your interests, and work toward a fair resolution.

1. Consider Your Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Financial Interests

Before you even think about dividing assets, you should take the time to consider and write down your short-term, medium-term, and long-term interests.  For example, are there investment opportunities now where liquidity is important?  Or do you wish to build on the relative stability of a buy-and-hold strategy?  Do you have an employment-based retirement or profit-sharing plan where it will be easier to save for the future?  Or do you need to keep more of the family’s tax-advantaged accounts to secure your long-term plan?  Do you prefer the control of a defined contribution plan or the consistency of a defined benefit plan? Working with a Collaborative Facilitator and Neutral Financial Professional during divorce can help you identify your interests and adjust your strategy to ensure it aligns with your new circumstances.

2. Understand Florida’s Equitable Distribution Law

Florida follows the law of equitable distribution. This means marital property, including mutual funds and ETFs acquired during the marriage, is divided fairly, though not always equally. Yes, both spouses usually end up with approximately 50% of your family’s net estate, but you can agree to divide it however you wish.  Many spouses mistakenly believe that this means that every asset and every account has to be split in half, but that is not the case.  So long as both of you end up with approximately 50% of your net estate, with adjustments particular to your circumstances, you do not have to split every brokerage or bank account in half.

You can begin by gathering detailed statements for all your investment and other accounts. Identify which assets are marital (shared) and which are separate (this is a complicated area of the law, and an experienced family lawyer can help you do this; you can read more about asset protection here). This will help you understand what’s on the table for division.

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Asset Protection and Florida Divorce

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If you are facing divorce in Florida and have accumulated substantial assets, you may be wondering what asset protection strategies are available. Fortunately, there are some steps to consider, both before and during divorce. Florida is an equitable distribution state, meaning the law divides marital assets fairly, though not necessarily equally. Below are some methods to explore (please note that this is just an overview, and you should speak with a lawyer to determine if these apply to your situation and how to employ them):

Asset Protection Before Divorce

Prenuptial or Postnuptial Agreements.

A prenuptial agreement is signed before a marriage, and a postnuptial agreement is signed during a marriage. Both can be legally binding agreements that essentially allow you to make your own law and specify how assets will be divided and spousal support will be handled in case of divorce. These agreements must be entered into voluntarily, with full disclosure of assets, and include other elements that can help ensure that it holds up if challenged.

You can learn more about prenuptial and postnuptial agreements here.

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Financial Education Books For Spouses Going Through Divorce

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It is common when going through divorce in Florida or elsewhere for one or both spouses to be lost when it comes to finances and retirement planning.  One of the best things that you can do to make divorce less traumatic and to help ensure that you and your spouse’s interests are being met is to involve a Neutral Financial Professional within a Collaborative Divorce process.

It is also important to educate yourself when it comes to finances.  Below are a list of books that I have personally found helpful to educate myself.  Even if you are not going through divorce, you may get something from these resources.

The Total Money Makeover by Dave Ramsey

If you have medical school student loans, a high interest mortgage or home equity lines of credit, or other forms of large debt, and you just don’t know how you could possibly pay it off in any reasonable amount of time, Dave Ramsey’s The Total Money Makeover is for you.  As someone who went to a very expensive law school and incurred six figures in educational debt, I found this book immensely helpful.  I am a big believer in the Financial Independence (sometimes also called Financial Independence Retire Early, or “FIRE”) movement; so many influencers who have put themselves on the path to FIRE have mentioned that they started off by getting out of debt after reading this book.

The Simple Path to Wealth by J.L. Collins

J.L. Collins’ The Simple Path to Wealth is the book I wish I read when I was just starting my career.  His main message is that investing does not need to be complex, the stock market will crash but it will also rebound and grow, and that you can build significant wealth over time by simply investing in a total U.S. stock market index fund and maybe also a total U.S. bond index fund (depending on your age and risk tolerance).  J.L. Collins is known as the Godfather of FIRE, and he tells audiences that you can actually find most of the ideas in the book for free in their raw form in his blog’s Stock Series.  I have found both the book and Stock Series helpful to explain the markets and prevent me from selling my portfolio when the market has crashed.  Further, the Stock Series, which Collins updates regularly, does a good job at explaining many of the types of investment vehicles that get addressed in divorce, such as brokerage accounts, traditional and Roth 401(k)s, traditional and Roth IRAs, 403(b)s, and TSPs.  Beyond educating yourself, The Simple Path to Wealth may be a great book to provide as a gift to your young adult children as the content started as a letter to J.L. Collins’ daughter, explaining to someone who didn’t want to think about investing how they could build wealth without giving it much thought.

I Will Teach You to Be Rich by Ramit Sethi

Admittedly, the title is kind of cringeworthy, but I found the content in Ramit Sethi’s I Will Teach You to Be Rich to be helpful nonetheless.  He provides very practical advice on everything from lowering interest rates you pay on credit cards, to opening high yield savings accounts, to automating saving and investing.  He also believes strongly that you don’t need to live like a hermit to build wealth, and that it is important to mindfully spend money on those things that bring you happiness.

Atomic Habits by James Clear

James Clear’s Atomic Habits explores the science of habit formation and how small, incremental changes can lead you to significant improvements over time.  Clear stresses that consistent, tiny improvements—what he calls “atomic habits”—can compound over time, leading to profound personal and professional transformations.  His concepts mesh pretty well with the books discussed above, especially when he addresses the power of compound interest to transform small, consistent investments over a long period of time to vast amounts of wealth.  Besides becoming financially healthier, this book helped me become physically healthier, as well, by influencing me to make small, consistent changes in my diet and exercise, leading to the shedding of 30+ pounds over the course of eighteen months.

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How Are Medical School Student Loans Handled In a Florida Divorce?

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When you’re facing a divorce in Florida, one of the complex financial issues you might encounter is how to handle student loans, particularly medical school student loans. These debts can be substantial, often amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars, and it’s natural to wonder how they will be treated during the divorce process. Understanding your options and rights is crucial, especially if you and your spouse are seeking a Collaborative Divorce, which focuses on finding amicable solutions privately rather than through a public divorce court battle.

Understanding Marital vs. Non-Marital Debt – Med School Loans

In Florida, the law distinguishes between marital and non-marital assets and debts. Marital debts are those incurred during the marriage, regardless of whose name they are in or who incurred them. Non-marital debts, on the other hand, are typically those incurred before the marriage or after the date of separation.

If you took out medical school loans before you were married, these debts are generally considered non-marital, meaning you would be solely responsible for them. However, if you took out the loans during the marriage, things get a bit more complicated.

Medical School Student Loans as Marital Debt

If your medical school student loans were taken out during your marriage, they will be considered marital debt. This means that both you and your spouse could be responsible for repaying them, even if it was taken out in only one spouse’s name.  If some student loans were taken out prior to the marriage and other medical school debt was taken out during the marriage, then some loans will likely be considered non-marital and other med school loans will be considered marital. In a traditional divorce, this could lead to a lengthy and contentious battle, especially if the loans are significant.  More commonly, especially in a Collaborative Divorce, only one spouse ends up taking responsibility for paying off the marital portion of the loans, while they also typically get something in return to offset the debt.  Alternatively, the other spouse may take on a different set of debts as an offset.

In a Collaborative Divorce, you and your spouse have the opportunity to work together to find a fair and equitable solution. The Collaborative Process encourages open communication and cooperation, allowing both of you to express your concerns and preferences.

At the end of the day, a court will likely order, and most divorcing spouses agree on, an equal distribution of your family’s marital net worth.  So, for example, if your family has a total of $3 million in marital assets and $1 million in marital debts, equaling a net marital estate of $2 million, then likely each of you will end up with around a net worth of $1 million from the marital estate (though most people agree to an equal distribution of your marital assets/debts, you can also agree to an unequal distribution if it makes sense for your family or as an alternative to alimony).  For this reason, when determining how you are going to split your assets and debts, it is important to look at not just one debt, like medical school student loans, but at your family’s full financial picture.

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How We Review Your Prenuptial Or Postnuptial Agreement With You

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Your fiancé or spouse’s lawyer has provided you with a prenuptial agreement or postnuptial agreement, and it is a behemoth.  It is common for these documents to be 30 to 60 pages of dense “legalese,” sometimes with hundreds or thousands of pages of additional financial disclosure.  Don’t just sign the agreement without understanding it!  It can have a significant impact on your rights in the event of divorce or the death of your spouse.  Further, these documents are rarely “take it or leave it,” and you can negotiate terms that address your needs.

This post discusses how we review and negotiate prenuptial agreements and postnuptial agreements for our clients.

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